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<channel><title><![CDATA[CATHOLICA ROMANA - Blog]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog]]></link><description><![CDATA[Blog]]></description><pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 18:03:14 -0700</pubDate><generator>Weebly</generator><item><title><![CDATA[Do Catholics worship saints?]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/do-catholics-worship-saints]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/do-catholics-worship-saints#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Fri, 11 Jan 2019 20:08:42 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- Do Catholics Worship Saints?]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/do-catholics-worship-saints</guid><description><![CDATA[1 - Is veneration Biblical?&nbsp;To begin, I would like to define veneration. It can be broken into two parts; The Veneration of Images/Icons, and the Veneration of Saints. I will use the following as a working definition from&nbsp;The Catholic Dictionarypublished by Fr. John Hardon:&nbsp;      Veneration of Images:&ldquo;Honor paid to representations of Christ and the saints. Their purpose is to adorn, instruct, and excite to piety those who behold, wear, or carry images on their persons. Accor [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph"><strong style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">1 - Is veneration Biblical?</strong><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">To begin, I would like to define veneration. It can be broken into two parts; The Veneration of Images/Icons, and the Veneration of Saints. I will use the following as a working definition from&nbsp;</span><em style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">The Catholic Dictionary</em><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">published by Fr. John Hardon:</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">&nbsp;</span><br /><br /></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">Veneration of Images:</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">&ldquo;Honor paid to representations of Christ and the saints. Their purpose is to adorn, instruct, and excite to piety those who behold, wear, or carry images on their persons. According to the Council of Trent, images of Christ, of the Mother of God, and other canonized saints are to be kept in churches and due honor paid to them not because there is any divinity or power inherent in them as images, but because the honor shown to them is referred to the prototypes they represent. Through the worship and reverence so shown, the faithful really worship Christ and honor the saints whose likenesses they display. In other words, the veneration is relative, always being referred back to the original, never absolute as though the material object is being venerated in and for itself.&rdquo;</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">&nbsp;</span><br /><em style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">Notice how the word &ldquo;worship&rdquo; is not used towards the Saints or Icons, but to Christ.</em><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Veneration of Saints:<br />&ldquo;Honor paid to the saints who, by their intercession and example and in their possession of God, minister to human sanctification, helping the faithful grow in Christian virtue. Venerating the saints does not detract from the glory given to God, since whatever good they possess is a gift from his bounty. They reflect the divine perfections, and their supernatural qualities result from the graces Christ merited for them by the Cross. In the language of the Church's liturgy, the saints are venerated as sanctuaries of the Trinity, as adopted children of the Father, brethren of Christ, faithful members of his Mystical Body, and temples of the Holy Spirit.&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Objection: The First Commandment would seem absolutely to forbid the making of any kind of representation of men, animals, or even plants:</strong><br />&ldquo;Thou shalt not have strange gods before me. Thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing, nor the likeness of any thing that is in&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07170a.htm">heaven</a>&nbsp;above, or in the earth beneath, nor of those things that are in the waters under the earth. Thou shalt not adore them, nor serve them (<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo020.htm#vrs3">Exodus 20:3-5</a>).&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Answer:</strong>It is of course obvious that the emphasis of this&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09053a.htm">law</a></u>&nbsp;is in the first and last clauses &mdash; "no strange gods", "thou shalt not adore them". Still any one who reads it might see in the other words too an absolute command. The people are not only told not to adore images nor serve them; they are not even to make any graven thing or the likeness, it would seem, of anything at all. One could understand so far-reaching a command at that time. If they made&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a></u>&nbsp;or pictures, they probably would end by adoring them. How likely they were to set up a graven thing as a strange god is shown by the story of the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06628b.htm">golden calf</a></u>at the very time that the ten words were&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12454b.htm">promulgated</a></u>. In distinction to the nations around,&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08193a.htm">Israel</a></u>&nbsp;was to worship an unseen&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm">God</a></u>, there was to be no danger of the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08193a.htm">Israelites</a></u>&nbsp;falling into the kind of religion of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05329b.htm">Egypt</a></u>&nbsp;or Babylon. This is true in the case of Amos and Hosea who noticed the Jews worshipping Babylonian gods such as Baal and desired to end it. This law obtained certainly as far as images of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm">God</a></u>&nbsp;are concerned. Any attempt to represent the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm">God</a></u>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08193a.htm">Israel</a></u>&nbsp;graphically (it seems that the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06628b.htm">golden calf</a></u>&nbsp;had this meaning &mdash;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo032.htm#vrs5">Exodus 32:5</a></u>) is always put down as being abominable&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07636a.htm">idolatry</a></u>.<br />&nbsp;<br />BUT&hellip; Throughout the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14526a.htm">Old Testament</a></u>&nbsp;there are instances of representations of living things, not in any way worshipped, but used lawfully, even ordered by the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09053a.htm">law</a></u>&nbsp;as ornaments of the tabernacle and temple. The many cases of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07636a.htm">idolatry</a></u>&nbsp;and various deflections from the Law which the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12477a.htm">prophets</a></u>&nbsp;denounce are not, of course, cases in point. It is the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a></u>&nbsp;made and used with the full approval of the authorities which show that the words, "Thou shalt not make to thyself any graven image", were not understood absolutely and literally. It may be that the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07176a.htm">Hebrew</a></u>&nbsp;translated "graven image" had a technical sense that meant more than a&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statue</a></u>, and included the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07630a.htm">idea</a></u>&nbsp;of "idol".&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>An example of decorative imagery in the Old Testament is the Ephod of the High Priest. The ephod is a kind of garment.</strong><br />&nbsp;<br />From the Catholic Encyclopedia:<br />&nbsp;<br />&ldquo;Supplementing the data contained in the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible">Bible</a></u>&nbsp;with those gleaned from&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08522a.htm">Josephus</a></u>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05329b.htm">Egyptian</a></u>&nbsp;monuments, we may distinguish in the ephod three parts: a kind of waistcoat or bodice, two shoulder-pieces, and a girdle. The first of these pieces constituted the main part of the ephod; it is described by some as being an oblong piece of cloth bound round the body under the arms and reaching as far as the waist. Its material was fine-twisted linen,&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05400a.htm">embroidered</a></u>&nbsp;with violet, purple, and scarlet twice-dyed threads, and interwoven with gold (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo028.htm#vrs6">Exodus 28:6</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo039.htm#vrs2">39:2</a></u>). The ephod proper must not be confounded with the "tunick of the ephod" (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo028.htm#vrs31">Exodus 28:31-35</a></u>), nor with the "rational of judgment" (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo028.htm#vrs15">Exodus 28:15-20</a></u>). The tunick was worn under the ephod; it was a sleeveless frock, made "all of violet", and was put on by being drawn over the head, something in the manner of a cassock. Its skirt was adorned with a border of pomegranates "of violet, and purple, and scarlet twice dyed, with little bells set between", whose sound was to be heard while the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12407b.htm">high-priest</a></u>&nbsp;was ministering. The "rational of judgment" was a breastplate fastened on the front of the ephod which it resembled in material and workmanship. It was a span in length and width, and was ornamented with four rows of precious stones on which were inscribed the names of the twelve tribes. It held also the&nbsp;<em><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15224a.htm">Urim&nbsp;and&nbsp;Thummim</a></em>&nbsp;(doctrine and truth) by means of which the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12407b.htm">high-priest</a></u>&nbsp;consulted the Lord. The second part of the ephod consisted of a pair of shoulder-pieces, or suspenders, fastened to the bodices in front and behind, and passing over the shoulders. Each of these straps was adorned with an onyx stone engraved with the names of six of the tribes of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08193a.htm">Israel</a></u>, so that the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12407b.htm">high-priest</a></u>&nbsp;while ministering wore the names of all the tribes, six upon each shoulder (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo028.htm#vrs9">Exodus 28:9-12</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo025.htm#vrs7">25:7</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo035.htm#vrs9">35:9</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo039.htm#vrs16">39:16-19</a></u>). The third part of the ephod was the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03776a.htm">cincture</a></u>, of the same material as the main part of the ephod and woven in one piece with it, by which it was girt around the waist (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/lev008.htm#vrs7">Leviticus 8:7</a></u>). Some writers maintain that the correct Hebrew reading of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo028.htm#vrs8">Exodus 28:8</a></u>, speaks of this band of the ephod; the contention agrees with the Syriac and Chaldee versions and with the rendering of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08522a.htm">Josephus</a></u>&nbsp;(cf.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo028.htm#vrs27">Exodus 28:27 sq.</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo029.htm#vrs5">29:5</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo039.htm#vrs20">39:20 sq.</a></u>). It must not be imagined that the ephod was the ordinary garb of the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12407b.htm">high-priest</a></u>; he wore it while performing the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05215a.htm">duties</a></u>&nbsp;of his ministry (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/exo028.htm#vrs4">Exodus 28:4</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/lev008.htm#vrs7">Leviticus 8:7</a></u>;&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/1sa002.htm#vrs28">1 Samuel 2:28</a></u>) and when consulting the Lord. Thus&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04642b.htm">David</a></u>&nbsp;learned through Abiathar's ephod the disposition of the people of Ceila (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/1sa023.htm#vrs11">1 Samuel 23:11 sq.</a></u>) and the best plan of campaign against the Amalecites (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/1sa030.htm#vrs7">1 Samuel 30:7 sqq.</a></u>). In&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/1sa014.htm#vrs18">1 Samuel 14:18</a></u>, it appears that Saul wished the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12406a.htm">priest</a></u>&nbsp;Achias to consult the Lord by means of the Ark; but the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13722a.htm">Septuagint</a></u>&nbsp;reading of this passage, its context (<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/1sa014.htm#vrs3">1 Samuel 14:3</a></u>), and the text of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08522a.htm">Josephus</a></u>&nbsp;(Ant. Jud., VI, vi, 3) plainly show that in&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/bible/1sa014.htm#vrs18">1 Samuel 14:18</a></u>, we must read "take the ephod" instead of "bring the ark".&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br />This proves that priest vestments are Biblical as well as Bells during liturgy and that these are allowed to have designs. There are plenty of times in the Old Testament that images, designs, and statues were commanded by God to be used. The key distinction here is that these were all used as aids to worship the true God, rather than as idols to false gods, which is why they were allowed, in the same way Catholic icons and statues are used to worship the True God and not themselves as idols.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Moses&rsquo; serpent staff: Here we see God literally commanding Moses to create a statue. This statue alone is not to be worshiped, but it is to be used as a symbol to show God&rsquo;s power. The statue of the serpent has no healing power alone, but God&rsquo;s healing power is used through it.&nbsp;</strong><br />Numbers 21:8-9&ldquo;and the Lord bade him fashion a serpent of bronze, and set it up on a staff, bringing life to all who should look towards it as they lay wounded.<br />And so it proved; when Moses made a brazen serpent and set it up on a staff, the wounded men had but to look towards it, and they were healed.&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Lamps, Tabernacles, and carved and moulded garlands of fruit and flowers and trees:</strong><br />Numbers 8: 1-4: &ldquo;The Lord gave Moses this message&nbsp;for Aaron, When thou dost put the seven lamps in their place, the lamp-stand must be set up on the south side of the tabernacle; and give orders that the lamps face northwards, towards the table of the loaves on the other side, the lamp-stand turned towards it, and so shedding light upon it.&nbsp;Such was the rule the Lord enjoined on Moses, and such was ever the rule Aaron followed, in setting out the lamps. This lamp-stand was fashioned of wrought gold, both the stem in the middle of it and the branches that sprang from either side and all their ornament; the pattern the Lord had shewn him was the pattern Moses gave it.&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Cedar Carvings, Altars, and Shrines for the Lord:</strong><br />1 Kings 6:12-28: &ldquo;This was a message the Lord sent to Solomon:&nbsp;So thou art building me a house? Follow, then, my commandments, execute my decrees, hold fast to all the laws I have given thee, and by these guide thy steps. So I will grant thee fulfilment of the promise I made to thy father David;&nbsp;&nbsp;I will come and live among the sons of Israel, and not forsake my people any more. So Solomon pressed on with the building of the house, until all was finished.&nbsp;Its walls within were cedar-panelled, from the floor to the top of the walls, where the rafters sprang, no panel but was of cedar; only the floor was covered with planks of fir.&nbsp;&nbsp;The furthest part of the temple was cedar-panelled to a height of twenty cubits from top to bottom; it was this inmost recess that he made into a shrine, a place all holiness,&nbsp;&nbsp;and before the doors of this shrine the remaining forty cubits of length made up the temple proper.&nbsp;&nbsp;All was cedar panelling, rounded and fitted with the craftsman&rsquo;s utmost skill, embossed with carving, cedar everywhere, and no stone in the walls allowed to shew itself.&nbsp;&nbsp;And there in the midst, in the inmost part of the building, stood the shrine in which the ark of the Lord was to rest;&nbsp;twenty cubits in length, width, and height, and covered with plates of pure gold; plated, too, was the cedar altar.&nbsp;Then he covered all the rest of the building, the ante-room of the shrine, with plates of pure gold, fastened with golden nails.&nbsp;&nbsp;Nothing in the temple but was sheathed in gold, the altar that stood before the shrine with the rest.&nbsp;23&nbsp;Within the shrine stood two cherubim, made of olive-wood, ten cubits high;&nbsp;&nbsp;24&nbsp;each of these had wings of five cubits&rsquo; breadth, so that there was ten cubits&rsquo; distance between the tips of them.&nbsp;&nbsp;25&nbsp;The second cherub matched the first in height, no difference of size or of workmanship between them.&nbsp;26&nbsp;Ten cubits high they stood,&nbsp;&nbsp;27&nbsp;there in the midst of the inner shrine, either touching the wall with one wing and its fellow&rsquo;s wing with the other.&nbsp;&nbsp;28&nbsp;The cherubim, too, he plated with gold.&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>More Temple Deocrations for the Lord:</strong><br />1 Kings 7:14-20 &ldquo;A craftsman in bronze, wise, adroit and skilful at doing a brazier&rsquo;s work; and to do such work king Solomon had now summoned him.&nbsp;&nbsp;15&nbsp;Two brazen pillars he made, eighteen cubits in height and twelve in girth,&nbsp;&nbsp;16&nbsp;and cast the two capitals of bronze that were to rest on them, each five cubits high,&nbsp;&nbsp;17&nbsp;with a pattern of net-work and of chains cunningly enlaced. There were seven rows of chain-work on either capital, all cast in metal.&nbsp;&nbsp;18&nbsp;The pillars, too, had their capitals covered with two rows of pomegranates, all round the net-work; both pillars alike.&nbsp;&nbsp;19&nbsp;On the base of either capital there was a chain of lily-work, four cubits long;[1]&nbsp;&nbsp;20&nbsp;it was the remaining part of the capitals, above, that had the net-work pattern, which went the full round of the pillar; on this second part of them, too, were the rows of pomegranates, two hundred in number.&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Statues of Cherubim and Lions:</strong><br />1 Kings 7:36&nbsp;The rings of which I have spoken were of bronze, and around these, and at the corners about them, were cherubim and lions and palm-trees, standing out like statues, as if they had been added on, instead of being cast with the rest.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Kings throne has statues:</strong><br />1 Kings 10:19-20&nbsp;&ldquo;six steps led up to it, and at the back the upper part of it was rounded. The seat itself had two supporters, with a lion standing by each,&nbsp;and on each step there was a lion at either side; no other kingdom could shew such workmanship.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Lions and bulls supported the basins in the temple&nbsp;</strong><br />1 Kings 7:25&nbsp;The basin stood on the figures of twelve oxen, three facing north, three west, three south, three east, so resting on them that their hind quarters, turned inwards, could not be seen.<br />1 Kings 7:29&nbsp;moulding, too, between the upper and the lower rims, of lions and bulls and cherubim, and between the shafts above them the same pattern; and under the lions and oxen hung thongs, as it were, of bronze.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>God Commands Moses to make a Tabernacle, Throne, Cherubim Statues, Lamp Stands, and Gold embroidery to worship Him</strong><br /><strong>Exodus 25:1-40&nbsp;</strong>1&nbsp;And now the Lord gave Moses this message,&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp;Bid the Israelites bring me gifts in kind, each man offering what his heart prompts him to offer, for your acceptance.&nbsp;&nbsp;3&nbsp;And these are the gifts you will declare to be acceptable, gold, silver and bronze;&nbsp;&nbsp;4&nbsp;threads of blue and purple and scarlet twice-dyed, and lawn, and goats&rsquo; hair,&nbsp;&nbsp;5&nbsp;and rams&rsquo; fleeces dyed red, and skins dyed violet;[1] acacia wood,&nbsp;&nbsp;6&nbsp;and oil to feed lamps, spices for the anointing-oil, and sweet-smelling incense;&nbsp;&nbsp;7&nbsp;onyx-stones, too, and jewels, to be set in the priestly mantle and burse.&nbsp;&nbsp;8&nbsp;I mean them to build me a sanctuary, so that I can dwell among them;&nbsp;&nbsp;9&nbsp;this tabernacle-dwelling itself and the appurtenances to be used in it must be of the pattern which I will now shew thee. Listen, then, to the fashion of it.&nbsp;10&nbsp;Make me an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, with a breadth and height of one and a half cubits.&nbsp;&nbsp;11&nbsp;Give it a covering and a lining of pure gold, and put a coping of gold all round the top of it;&nbsp;12&nbsp;a ring of gold, too, at each of the four corners, two on either of the flanks.&nbsp;&nbsp;13&nbsp;Then make poles of acacia wood, gilded over,&nbsp;&nbsp;14&nbsp;and pass them through the rings on the sides of the ark, so as to carry it;&nbsp;&nbsp;15&nbsp;these poles are to remain in the rings, never taken out.&nbsp;16&nbsp;In this ark thou wilt enshrine the written law I mean to give thee.&nbsp;17&nbsp;Make a throne,[2] too, of pure gold, two and a half cubits long, one and a half cubits broad,&nbsp;&nbsp;18&nbsp;and two cherubs of pure beaten gold for the two ends of this throne,&nbsp;&nbsp;19&nbsp;one to stand on either side of it;&nbsp;&nbsp;20&nbsp;with their wings outspread to cover the throne, guardians of the shrine. They are to face one another across the throne. And this throne is to be the covering of the ark,&nbsp;&nbsp;21&nbsp;and the ark&rsquo;s contents, the written law I mean to give thee.&nbsp;&nbsp;22&nbsp;Thence will I issue my commands; from that throne of mercy, between the two cherubs that stand over the ark and its records,[3] my voice shall come to thee, whenever I send word through thee to the sons of Israel.&nbsp;23&nbsp;Make a table, too, of acacia wood, two cubits long, a cubit broad, and a cubit and a half in height;&nbsp;24&nbsp;gild it with pure gold, and make a rim of gold about its edge,&nbsp;&nbsp;25&nbsp;with an embossed coping four inches high, and a second coping of gold over that.&nbsp;26&nbsp;Make four rings of gold, and fix them to the four corners of the table, one by each leg of it.&nbsp;&nbsp;27&nbsp;The rings must be below the coping, to let poles pass through, that will carry the table;&nbsp;&nbsp;28&nbsp;these poles too thou shalt make of acacia wood, and gild them over; so the table shall be carried.&nbsp;&nbsp;29&nbsp;So with the cups, too, and the bowls, and the dishes,[4] and the goblets for pouring out libations; all of them must be of pure gold.&nbsp;&nbsp;30&nbsp;The table is to hold the loaves of bread which are to be set out continually in my presence.&nbsp;31&nbsp;Make a lamp-stand, too, of pure beaten gold, stem and branches, cups and bosses, and fleurs-de-lis that spring from them.[5]&nbsp;&nbsp;32&nbsp;Six branches are to come out of the stem, three on each side;&nbsp;&nbsp;33&nbsp;and on each branch there are to be three cups shaped like almond-flowers, then a boss, then a fleur-de-lis, balanced by three cups and a boss and a fleur-de-lis on the opposite branch; such is to be the fashion of all the six branches that come out of the stem.&nbsp;&nbsp;34&nbsp;But the stem itself is to have four cups, shaped like almond-flowers, each with its boss and its fleur-de-lis;&nbsp;&nbsp;35&nbsp;there will be six branches altogether coming out of a single stem, and under each pair of them there will be an additional boss.&nbsp;&nbsp;36&nbsp;The bosses and the branches must be of a piece with the main stem, and all alike must be of pure beaten gold.&nbsp;&nbsp;37&nbsp;Make seven lamps, too, and mount them on the lamp-stand, so as to throw their light on the opposite wall.[6]&nbsp;&nbsp;38&nbsp;Even the snuffers, and the trays for the burnt wick, must be made of pure gold.&nbsp;&nbsp;39&nbsp;The whole weight of the lamp-stand, together with its appurtenances, must be a talent of pure gold.&nbsp;40&nbsp;Look well, and make everything in due accord with the pattern which has been shewn to thee on the mountain.<br />&nbsp;<br />More about the Ark Cherubim<br />1 Kings 8:6-7&nbsp;6&nbsp;So the ark that bears witness of the Lord&rsquo;s covenant was borne by the priests to the place designed for it, there in the temple&rsquo;s inner shrine, where the cherubim spread their wings;&nbsp;&nbsp;7&nbsp;spread them over the very place where the ark rested, to protect it and protect the poles that bore it.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>At this point in time the Jews had understood the commandment to forbid the making of idolatrous statues yet they made all of these ones, meaning statues used to worship the True God are not idolatrous.&nbsp;</strong><br />&nbsp;<br />Was this tradition continued in the early Christian Church? Most certainly. The following is from the Catholic Encyclopeida:<br />&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07630a.htm">idea</a></u>&nbsp;that the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03744a.htm">Church</a></u>&nbsp;of the first centuries was in any way prejudiced against pictures and&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a></u>&nbsp;is the most impossible fiction. After Constantine (306-37) there was of course an enormous development of every kind. Instead of burrowing&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm">catacombs</a></u>&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christians</a></u>&nbsp;began to build splendid&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02325a.htm">basilicas</a></u>. They adorned them with costly&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10584a.htm">mosaics</a></u>, carving, and&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a></u>. But there was no new principle. The&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10584a.htm">mosaics</a></u>&nbsp;represented more artistically and richly the motives that had been&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11395a.htm">painted</a></u>&nbsp;on the walls of the old caves, the larger&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a></u>&nbsp;continue the tradition begun by carved sarcophagi and little lead and glass ornaments. From that time to the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclast Persecution</a></u>&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07625a.htm">holy images</a></u>&nbsp;are in possession all over the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03699b.htm">Christian world</a></u>.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01383c.htm">St. Ambrose</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 397) describes in a letter how&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11567b.htm">St. Paul</a></u>&nbsp;appeared to him one night, and he recognized him by the likeness to his pictures (Ep. ii, in P.L., XVII, 821).&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02084a.htm">St. Augustine</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 430) refers several times to pictures of our Lord and the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04171a.htm">saints</a></u>&nbsp;in churches (e.g. "De cons. Evang.", x in P.L., XXXIV, 1049;&nbsp;<em><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/140622.htm">Reply to Faustus&nbsp;XXII.73</a></em>); he says that some people even adore them ("De mor. eccl. cath.", xxxiv, P.L., XXXII, 1342).&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm">St. Jerome</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 420) also writes of pictures of the Apostles as well-known ornaments of churches (In Ionam, iv).&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11585b.htm">St. Paulinus of Nola</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 431) paid for&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10584a.htm">mosaics</a></u>&nbsp;representing Biblical scenes and&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04171a.htm">saints</a></u>&nbsp;in the churches of his city, and then wrote a poem describing them (P.L., LXI, 884).&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07018b.htm">Gregory of Tours</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 594) says that a&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06238a.htm">Frankish</a></u>&nbsp;lady, who built a&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02781a.htm">church</a></u>&nbsp;of St. Stephen, showed the artists who&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11395a.htm">painted</a></u>&nbsp;its walls how they should represent the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04171a.htm">saints</a></u>&nbsp;out of a book (Hist. Franc., II, 17, P.L., LXXI, 215). In the East&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02330b.htm">St. Basil</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 379), preaching about St. Barlaam, calls upon&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11395a.htm">painters</a></u>&nbsp;to do the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04171a.htm">saint</a></u>&nbsp;more&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07462a.htm">honour</a></u>&nbsp;by making pictures of him than he himself can do by words ("Or. in S. Barlaam", in P.G., XXXI).&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11079b.htm">St. Nilus</a></u>&nbsp;in the fifth century blames a friend for wishing to decorate a church with profane ornaments, and exhorts him to replace these by scenes from Scripture (Epist. IV, 56).&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04592b.htm">St. Cyril of Alexandria</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 444) was so great a defender of icons that his opponents accused him of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07636a.htm">idolatry</a></u>&nbsp;(for all this see Schwarzlose, "Der Bilderstreit" i, 3-15).&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06780a.htm">St. Gregory the Great</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 604) was always a great defender of holy pictures (see below).<br />&nbsp;<br />Although representations of the Crucifixion do not occur till later, the cross, as the symbol of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christianity</a></u>, dates from the very beginning.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08580c.htm">Justin Martyr</a></u>&nbsp;(d. 165) describes it in a way that already implies its use as a symbol (<em><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/01287.htm">Dialogue with Trypho91</a></em>). He says that the cross is providentially represented in every kind of natural object: the sails of a ship, a plough, tools, even the human body (Apol. I, 55). According to&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14520c.htm">Tertullian</a></u>&nbsp;(d. about 240),&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christians</a></u>&nbsp;were known as "worshippers of the cross" (Apol., xv). Both simple crosses and the chi-rho monogram are common ornaments of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm">catacombs</a></u>; combined with palm branches, lambs and other symbols they form an obvious symbol of&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374c.htm">Christ</a></u>. After Constantine the cross, made splendid with gold and gems, was set up triumphantly as the standard of the conquering Faith. A late&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm">catacomb</a></u>&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11395a.htm">painting</a></u>&nbsp;represents a cross richly jewelled and adorned with flowers. Constantine's&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717c.htm">Labarum</a></u>&nbsp;at the battle of the Milvian Bridge (312), and the story of the finding of the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04529a.htm">True Cross</a></u>&nbsp;by St. Helen, gave a fresh impulse to its worship. It appears (without a figure) above the image of Christ in the apsidal&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10584a.htm">mosaic</a></u>&nbsp;of St. Pudentiana at&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a></u>, in His nimbus constantly, in some prominent place on an altar or throne (as the symbol of Christ), in nearly all&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10584a.htm">mosaics</a></u>&nbsp;above the&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01659a.htm">apse</a></u>&nbsp;or in the chief place of the first&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02325a.htm">basilicas</a></u>(<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13369a.htm">St. Paul</a></u>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a></u>, ibid., 183,&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15486a.htm">St. Vitalis</a></u>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12662b.htm">Ravenna</a></u>). In Galla Placidia's&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm">chapel</a></u>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12662b.htm">Ravenna</a></u>&nbsp;Christ (as the Good Shepherd with His sheep) holds a great cross in His left hand. The cross had a special place as an object of worship. It was the chief outward sign of the Faith, was treated with more reverence than any picture "worship of the cross" (<em>staurolatreia</em>) was a special thing distinct from image-worship, so that we find the milder&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclasts</a></u>&nbsp;in after years making an exception for the cross, still treating it with reverence, while they destroyed pictures. A common argument of the imageworshippers to their opponents was that since the latter too worshipped the cross they were inconsistent in refusing to worship other images (see&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">ICONOCLASM</a></u>).<br />&nbsp;<br />The cross further gained an important place in the consciousness of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christians</a>&nbsp;from its use in ritual functions. To make the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13785a.htm">sign of the cross</a>&nbsp;with the hand soon became the common form of professing the Faith or invoking a blessing. The Canons of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07360c.htm">Hippolytus</a>&nbsp;tell the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christian</a>: "Sign thy forehead with the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13785a.htm">sign of the cross</a>&nbsp;in order to defeat&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04764a.htm">Satan</a>&nbsp;and to glory in thy Faith" (c. xxix; cf.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14520c.htm">Tertullian</a>, "Adv. Marc.", III, 22). People&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12345b.htm">prayed</a>&nbsp;with extended arms to represent a cross (<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11306b.htm">Origen</a>, "Hom. in Exod.", iii, 3,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14520c.htm">Tertullian</a>, "de Orat.", 14). So also to make the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13785a.htm">sign of the cross</a>&nbsp;over a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11726a.htm">person</a>&nbsp;or thing became the usual gesture of blessing, consecrating,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05709a.htm">exorcising</a>&nbsp;(Lactantius,&nbsp;<em><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/07014.htm#27">Divine Institutes&nbsp;IV:27</a></em>), actual material crosses adorned the vessels used in the Liturgy, a cross was brought in procession and placed on the altar during Mass. The First Roman Ordo (sixth century) alludes to the cross-bearers (cruces portantes) in a procession. As soon as people began to represent scenes from the Passion they naturally included the chief event, and so we have the earliest pictures and carvings of the Crucifixion. The first mentions of crucifixes are in the sixth century. A traveller in the reign of Justinian notices one he saw in a church at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06399c.htm">Gaza</a>&nbsp;in the West,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06149a.htm">Venantius Fortunatus</a>&nbsp;saw a palla&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05400a.htm">embroidered</a>&nbsp;with a picture of the Crucifixion at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15002a.htm">Tours</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07018b.htm">Gregory of Tours</a>&nbsp;refers to a crucifix at Narbonne. For a long time Christ on the cross was always represented alive. The oldest crucifixes known are those on the wooden doors of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13290a.htm">St. Sabina</a>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a>&nbsp;and an&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08257b.htm">ivory</a>&nbsp;carving in the British Museum. Both are of the fifth century. A Syriac&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09614b.htm">manuscript</a>&nbsp;of the sixth century contains a miniature representing the scene of the crucifixion. There are other such representations down to the seventh century, after which it becomes the usual custom to add the figure of our Lord to crosses; the crucifix is in possession everywhere.<br />The conclusion then is that the principle of adorning&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm">chapels</a>&nbsp;and churches with pictures dates from the very earliest&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christian</a>&nbsp;times: centuries before the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclast troubles</a>&nbsp;they were in use throughout&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03699b.htm">Christendom</a>. So also all the old&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christian</a>&nbsp;Churches in East and West use holy pictures constantly. The only difference is that even before&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclasm</a>&nbsp;there was in the East a certain prejudice against solid&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a>. This has been accentuated since the time of the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclast heresy</a>(see below, section 5). But there are traces of it before; it is shared by the old&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13529a.htm">schismatical</a>&nbsp;(<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10755a.htm">Nestorian</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10489b.htm">Monophysite</a>Churches that broke away long before&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclasm</a>. The principle in the East was not universally accepted. The emperors set up their&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a>&nbsp;at Constantinople without blame;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a>&nbsp;of religious purpose existed in the East before the eighth century (see for instance the marble Good Shepherds from Thrace,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02046a.htm">Athens</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14209b.htm">Sparta</a>, the Madonna and Child from Saloniki, but they are much rarer than in the West. Images in the East were generally flat;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11395a.htm">paintings</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10584a.htm">mosaics</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02341a.htm">bas-reliefs</a>. The most&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15753a.htm">zealous</a>&nbsp;Eastern defenders of the holy icons seem to have felt that, however justifiable such flat representations may be, there is something about a solid&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statue</a>&nbsp;that makes it suspiciously like an idol.<br />Distinct from the admission of images is the question of the way they are treated. What signs of reverence, if any, did the first&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christians</a>&nbsp;give to the images in their&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm">catacombs</a>&nbsp;and churches? For the first period we have no information. There are so few references to images at all in the earliest&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christian</a>&nbsp;literature that we should hardly have suspected their ubiquitous presence were they not actually there in the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm">catacombs</a>&nbsp;as the most convincing argument. But these&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm">catacomb</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11395a.htm">paintings</a>&nbsp;tell us nothing about how they were treated. We may take it for granted, on the one hand, that the first&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christians</a>&nbsp;understood quite well that&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11395a.htm">paintings</a>&nbsp;may not have any share in the adoration due to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm">God</a>&nbsp;alone. Their&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10499a.htm">monotheism</a>, their insistence on the fact that they serve only one&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11251c.htm">almighty</a>&nbsp;unseen&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608a.htm">God</a>, their horror of the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07636a.htm">idolatry</a>&nbsp;of their neighbours, the torture and death that their&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09736b.htm">martyrs</a>&nbsp;suffered rather than lay a grain of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07716a.htm">incense</a>&nbsp;before the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statue</a>&nbsp;of the emperor's numen are enough to convince us that they were not setting up rows of idols of their own. On the other hand, the place of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07462a.htm">honour</a>&nbsp;they give to their symbols and pictures, the care with which they decorate them argue that they treated representations of their most sacred&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02408b.htm">beliefs</a>&nbsp;with at least decent reverence. It is from this reverence that the whole tradition of venerating&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07625a.htm">holy images</a>gradually and naturally developed. After the time of Constantine it is still mainly by conjecture that we are able to deduce the way these images were treated. The etiquette of the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm">Byzantine</a>&nbsp;court gradually evolved elaborate forms of respect, not only for the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11726a.htm">person</a>&nbsp;of Ceesar but even for his&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a>&nbsp;and symbols. Philostorgius (who was an&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">Iconoclast</a>&nbsp;long before the eighth century) says that in the fourth century the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm">Christian</a>&nbsp;Roman citizens in the East offered gifts,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07716a.htm">incense</a>, and even&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12345b.htm">prayers</a>, to the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm">statues</a>&nbsp;of the emperor (Hist. eccl., II, 17). It would be natural that people who bowed to,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08663a.htm">kissed</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07716a.htm">incensed</a>the imperial eagles and images of Caesar (with no suspicion of anything like&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07636a.htm">idolatry</a>), who paid elaborate reverence to an empty throne as his symbol, should give the same signs to the cross, the images of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374c.htm">Christ</a>, and the altar. So in the first Byzantine centuries there grew up traditions of respect that gradually became fixed, as does all ceremonial. Such practices spread in some measure to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a>&nbsp;and the West, but their home was the Court at Constantinople. Long afterwards the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06238a.htm">Frankish</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581b.htm">bishops</a>&nbsp;in the eighth century were still unable to understand forms that in the East were natural and obvious, but to Germans seemed degrading and servile (Synod of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06237a.htm">Frankfort</a>, 794; see&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm">ICONOCLASM</a>&nbsp;IV). It is significant too that, although&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13164a.htm">Rome</a>&nbsp;and Constantinople agree entirely as to the principle of honouring&nbsp;<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07625a.htm">holy images</a>&nbsp;with signs of reverence, the descendants of the subjects of the Eastern emperor still go far beyond us in the use of such signs.<br /><strong>Veneration of Saints:</strong><br />&nbsp;<br />The following are Biblical reference sot people prostrating themselves in front of angels to worship God. They are giving reverence and vernation to the Angels, not because of the angels themselves, but to God, which is whom the angels are represitingin in that moment.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Joshua falls prostrate in worship before an angel</strong><br />Joshua 5:<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=6&amp;ch=5&amp;l=13#x">[13]</a></u>&nbsp;And when Josue was in the field of the city of Jericho, he lifted up his eyes, and saw a man standing over against him: holding a drawn sword, and he went to him, and said: Art thou one of ours, or of our adversaries?&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=6&amp;ch=5&amp;l=14#x">[14]</a></u>&nbsp;And he answered: No: but I am prince of the host of the Lord, and now I am come.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=6&amp;ch=5&amp;l=15#x">[15]</a></u>&nbsp;Josue fell on his face to the ground. And worshipping, add: What saith my lord to his servant?<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Daniel falls prostrate in terror before Gabriel:</strong><br />Daniel 8<u>:16-17 A</u>nd I heard the voice of a man between Ulai: and he called, and said: Gabriel, make this man to understand the vision.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=32&amp;ch=8&amp;l=17#x">[17]</a></u>&nbsp;And he came and stood near where I stood: and when he was come, I fell on my face trembling, and he said to me: Understand, O son of man, for in the time of the end the vision shall be fulfilled.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Tobiah and Tobit prostrate before Raphael:</strong><br />Tobit 12:16-17 &ldquo;And when they had heard these things, they were troubled, and being seized with fear they fell upon the ground on their face.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=17&amp;ch=12&amp;l=17#x">[17]</a></u>&nbsp;And the angel said to them: Peace be to you, fear not.&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Angels in Heaven always behold the face of God. We venerate angels because of their great dignity, which comes from their union with God. Saints are also united with God in Heaven.</strong><br />Matthew 18:10&nbsp;See that you despise not one of these little ones: for I say to you, that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father who is in heaven.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>We shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is:</strong><br />1 John 3:2&nbsp;Dearly beloved, we are now the sons of God; and it hath not yet appeared what we shall be. We know, that, when he shall appear, we shall be like to him: because we shall see him as he is.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>You become an example to all the believers, hence Saints are also examples (talk about venerating their holy lives):</strong><br />1 Thess 1:5-8&nbsp;For our gospel hath not been unto you in word only, but in power also, and in the Holy Ghost, and in much fullness, as you know what manner of men we have been among you for your sakes.And you became followers of us, and of the Lord; receiving the word in much tribulation, with joy of the Holy Ghost:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=59&amp;ch=1&amp;l=7#x">[7]</a>&nbsp;So that you were made a pattern to all that believe in Macedonia and in Achaia.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=59&amp;ch=1&amp;l=8#x">[8]</a>&nbsp;For from you was spread abroad the word of the Lord, not only in Macedonia, and in Achaia, but also in every place, your faith which is towards God, is gone forth, so that we need not to speak any thing.<br /><strong>Remember leaders (saints) and consider/imitate their faith and life</strong><br />Hebrews 13:7 &ldquo;Remember your prelates who have spoken the word of God to you; whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation&rdquo;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Veneration of Saint Relics:</strong><br />A relic is an object, such as a piece of clothing or, more commonly, a piece of bone from a saint's body, which has spiritual value because it belonged to one of God's saints. A first class relic is part of a Saint&rsquo;s body. A 2ndClass relic is something that touched his or her body such as clothing. A 3rdclass is something that touched a 2ndclass such as a cloth that touched the True Cross or a Saint&rsquo;s shirt. The Bible records many accounts of the value of relics and even episodes of miraculous events connected with them. It was not uncommon for ordinary objects, like the tassel on the Lord's cloak, to have miraculous characteristics.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Jesus&rsquo; garments (2ndclass relics) heal:</strong><br />Matthew 14:35-36&nbsp;And when the men of that place had knowledge of him, they sent into all that country, and brought to him all that were diseased.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=47&amp;ch=14&amp;l=36#x">[36]</a></u>&nbsp;And they besought him that they might touch but the hem of his garment. And as many as touched, were made whole.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />Mark 6:56&nbsp;And whithersoever he entered, into towns or into villages or cities, they laid the sick in the streets, and besought him that they might touch but the hem of his garment: and as many as touched him were made whole.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />Luke 8:43-44&nbsp;And there was a certain woman having an issue of blood twelve years, who had bestowed all her substance on physicians, and could not be healed by any.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=49&amp;ch=8&amp;l=44#x">[44]</a></u>&nbsp;She came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment; and immediately the issue of her blood stopped.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Contact with Elisha&rsquo;s bones restored life:</strong><br />2 Kings 13:20-21&nbsp;And Eliseus died, and they buried him. And the rovers from Moab came into the land the same year. And some that were burying a man, saw the rovers, and cast the body into the sepulchre of Eliseus. And when it had touched the bones of Eliseus, the man came to life, and stood upon his feet.<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Peter&rsquo;s shadow heals:</strong><br />Acts 5:15-16&nbsp;Insomuch that they brought forth the sick into the streets, and laid them on beds and couches, that when Peter came, his shadow at the least, might overshadow any of them, and they might be delivered from their infirmities.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=51&amp;ch=5&amp;l=16#x">[16]</a></u>&nbsp;And there came also together to Jerusalem a multitude out of the neighbouring cities, bringing sick persons, and such as were troubled with unclean spirits; who were all healed.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /><strong>Paul&rsquo;s clothing heals:</strong><br />Acts 19:11-12&nbsp;And God wrought by the hand of Paul more than common miracles.&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/d?b=drb&amp;bk=51&amp;ch=19&amp;l=12#x">[12]</a></u>&nbsp;So that even there were brought from his body to the sick, handkerchiefs and aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the wicked spirits went out of them.&nbsp;</font></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El celibato: Es mejor para los sacerdotes católicos]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/el-celibato-es-mejor-para-los-sacerdotes-catolicos]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/el-celibato-es-mejor-para-los-sacerdotes-catolicos#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2019 15:42:08 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/el-celibato-es-mejor-para-los-sacerdotes-catolicos</guid><description><![CDATA[&#8203;Desde el a&ntilde;o 1139, por el Segundo Concilio Laterano, no se ha permitido que los sacerdotes occidentales se casen. El debate para el celibato sacerdotal ha estado ocurriendo durante cientos de a&ntilde;os en la iglesia. Aunque los sacerdotes del este se pueden casar antes de la ordenaci&oacute;n, la Iglesia occidental lo proh&iacute;be.&nbsp;Muchas personas piensan que los sacerdotes deben poder casarse y que esto ayudar&iacute;a a la escasez de sacerdotes.&nbsp;Los sacerdotes no de [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph">&#8203;Desde el a&ntilde;o 1139, por el Segundo Concilio Laterano, no se ha permitido que los sacerdotes occidentales se casen. El debate para el celibato sacerdotal ha estado ocurriendo durante cientos de a&ntilde;os en la iglesia. Aunque los sacerdotes del este se pueden casar antes de la ordenaci&oacute;n, la Iglesia occidental lo proh&iacute;be.&nbsp;Muchas personas piensan que los sacerdotes deben poder casarse y que esto ayudar&iacute;a a la escasez de sacerdotes.&nbsp;Los sacerdotes no deben tener una esposa porque el celibato es un bien m&aacute;s alto seg&uacute;n al Biblia, el matrimonio a&ntilde;ade conflicto a sus trabajos, y no funciona log&iacute;sticamente para los sacerdotes...</div>  <div><div style="margin: 10px 0 0 -10px"> <a title="Download file: Celibato para los sacerdotes" href="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/spanish_essay_priest.docx"><img src="//www.weebly.com/weebly/images/file_icons/rtf.png" width="36" height="36" style="float: left; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; margin: 0 15px 15px 0; border: 0;" /></a><div style="float: left; text-align: left; position: relative;"><table style="font-size: 12px; font-family: tahoma; line-height: .9;"><tr><td colspan="2"><b> Celibato para los sacerdotes</b></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td>File Size:  </td><td>22 kb</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td>File Type:  </td><td> docx</td></tr></table><a title="Download file: Celibato para los sacerdotes" href="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/spanish_essay_priest.docx" style="font-weight: bold;">Download File</a></div> </div>  <hr style="clear: both; width: 100%; visibility: hidden"></hr></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The necessity of leisure]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/the-necessity-of-leisure]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/the-necessity-of-leisure#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2019 15:38:27 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- The Necessity of Leisure]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/the-necessity-of-leisure</guid><description><![CDATA[Leisure in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the book,&nbsp;Leisure the Basis of Culture, by Josef Pieper, society is described as one of that which is leaning towards the worker. The worker is described as someone who, &ldquo;does not work to live; one lives to work&rdquo; (Leisure the Basis of Culture4). Pieper points out that this work has encompassed our culture since the French Revolution. The average person thinks [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph"><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">Leisure in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">&nbsp;</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the book,&nbsp;</span><em style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">Leisure the Basis of Culture</em><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">, by Josef Pieper, society is described as one of that which is leaning towards the worker. The worker is described as someone who, &ldquo;does not work to live; one lives to work&rdquo; (</span><em style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">Leisure the Basis of Culture</em><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">4). Pieper points out that this work has encompassed our culture since the French Revolution. The average person thinks that leisure is idleness, but Pieper disagrees. The worker is constantly wrapped up on servile work, while the person who practices leisure practices interior transformations and contemplations. The book deals with the questions as to how society can bring back true leisure. Josef Pieper finally concludes that the ultimate form of leisure is divine worship through, &ldquo;the sacramental sacrifice of the Christian Church,&rdquo; (52) and this is achieved by bringing back the Christian&nbsp;</span><em style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">cultus&nbsp;</em><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">to society.&nbsp;</span>&#8203;</div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font color="#2a2a2a">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The claim that Pieper makes, that idleness is like acedia, is something that does not sit well with those in the world today, for they see idleness as relaxation and synonymous with leisure. This is far from what is described in the book. Leisure is when man, &ldquo;acquiesces in his own being, whereas the essence of acedia is the refusal to acquiesce in one&rsquo;s own being&rdquo; (27). These two go together because the vice of acedia is when people busy themselves with work and idleness so that they cannot have any time to worship God or give their souls a break. Pieper describes this as sleep for the soul and that it is necessary in order to relax the mind rather than what people are used to doing by relaxing thier bodies with a break from work. The only reason people have breaks is because of work. Breaks are only necessary because people are tired of their work and have to stop working, but this break is simply another part of work. In order to bring back leisure to our culture, Pieper proposes that a certain work that is also uplifting of our soul is necessary. This uplifting work, or labor, is the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, where we are, &ldquo;&rsquo;transported&rsquo; out of the weariness of daily labour into an unending holiday, carried away out of the straightness of the workaday world&rdquo; (53). The question still remains as to why the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass is the ultimate form of leisure and why simply relaxing the mind and contemplating is not.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Divine worship begins with the lowest levels of prayer. Vocal prayer leads then into meditative and contemplative prayer. The higher forms begin with ecstasy. Pieper shows this comparison by saying, &ldquo;In leisure&hellip;man oversteps the frontiers of the everyday workaday world&hellip; as though lifted above it in ecstasy,&rdquo; (53) and he continues by saying about the Eucharist, &ldquo;man is &lsquo;carried away&rsquo; by it, thrown into &lsquo;ecstasy&rsquo; (53). The Mass is not simply a break from our work, but the ultimate contemplation for our mind and soul. It is an impossible visible sign of the invisible. The Mass carries away the worker into complete leisure in a way that is far from idleness, for there is no wasting of time, nor vice of acedia, when it is for the divine worship of God. Everything in this world through utilitarianism seems to have some useful purpose, yet this ruins the meaning of the objects and rituals that do have an important purpose such as chant, stained glass, iconography, and ultimately, the Eucharist. The Eucharist is leisure available for every man to take part in if he converts and desires It. This &ldquo;activity which is not &lsquo;work,&rsquo;&rdquo; (43) allows man to escape the daily toil of servile acts and replaces it with the ultimate act of leisure while at the same time ridding him of all his idleness.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The world has been caught up with progress and success, but this has always been the case. Due to the industrial revolution and a false sense of enlightenment, the recent centuries have exploded with wage-earner workers and have led to the destruction and breakdown of the family. People have always been caught up with their wealth and success. God has been pushed to the side and with modern technology, idleness takes up every free second of the day. From video games to television series, the modern man spends all of his time working and thinks that his idle breaks to destress are leisure. Their minds do not ever get a break to sleep. The mind needs silence and serenity from the hustle and bustle of daily life. As the ancient Greeks and Romans understood it, there is no work. There is only &ldquo;to be unleisurely&rdquo; (5) and this term of unleisure is so far removed in modern culture that Microsoft thinks it is a spelling error. There is only one place where a man can go where he does not be concerned with the world. This place is the Church. The world has always sought money and success, but the Church is not of this world, for Christ is not of this world. In order to escape not only all the toils of work in daily life, but to literally escape the world is the magnificence of the Sacrifice of the Mass. The Eucharist is the bridge between this world and heaven and the ultimate contemplation is the ecstasy a soul can receive when consuming omnipotent God resulting in the ultimate form of Leisure.&nbsp;</font></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hope for Millennials]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/hope-for-millennials]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/hope-for-millennials#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2018 14:54:47 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- Hope For Millennials]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/hope-for-millennials</guid><description><![CDATA[Artwork: “The Confirmation Procession” by Cesare Auguste Detti We had a Marian Procession for the May Crowning on this Mother&rsquo;s Day after High Mass. It brought tears to my eyes seeing dozens of little girls in veils and dresses and dozens of little boys in suits and ties processing down the Nave to the altar rail where they placed a flower for Mary that each carried as the parish sung Marian Hymns. They all then sat in the first two pews.&nbsp;   Throughout the Holy Sacrifice of the Ma [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/published/screen-shot-2018-05-16-at-10-54-07-am.png?1526482611" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption">Artwork: &ldquo;The Confirmation Procession&rdquo; by Cesare Auguste Detti</span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><span>We had a Marian Procession for the May Crowning on this Mother&rsquo;s Day after High Mass. It brought tears to my eyes seeing dozens of little girls in veils and dresses and dozens of little boys in suits and ties processing down the Nave to the altar rail where they placed a flower for Mary that each carried as the parish sung Marian Hymns. They all then sat in the first two pews.&nbsp;</span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div class="paragraph"><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">Throughout the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, I couldn&rsquo;t help but think of one word as I gazed at the back of the heads of dozens of little veils. Hope. It seems that if we look at the upcoming generations, they are fueled with addiction to electronics, ignorance, slothfulness, boredom, selfishness, irreverence, and lust, yet here all these kids were saying responses in Latin! Christ is on the move, but it is subtle. It is easy to think that the Church is destroyed and it&rsquo;s hierarchy is corrupt by modern errors, but even if this were true, the Church is well alive in the youth. It is alive in tiny groups among thousands of traditional parishes across the world. How is this possible? Youth loving the traditions of old? Youth loving Ecclesiastical Latin? Children kneeling and receiving the Eucharist on the tongue? Young people loving the beauty of Catholic artwork and the Latin Mass? Are their parents just forcing them? Maybe for some, but it cannot be, for all of those I&rsquo;ve spoken to seem to be more traditional than even their parents! Yes, there is hope, but they are not ready yet. They have much trials to face. This young group of soldiers for Christ needs time and help. They need to be shielded from society finding out just as Christ was under the humble manger in Bethlehem from Herod! We must carve the way for His army to take back what we have lost since the 1950s, and in honest reality, since the French Revolution. Hope. May God Bless you all ~ Catholica Romana &#9884;&#65039;</span></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What does it mean to be a gentleman?]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-gentleman]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-gentleman#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2018 16:56:55 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- What does it mean to be a gentleman?]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-gentleman</guid><description><![CDATA[Image from the TV show "Peaky Blinders" There used to be a time where every man dressed like the man in this photo. To work, to walk, to shop, and they would put on their best for Sunday. A time where it meant something to be a real man. A time with true masculinity and true femininity. A time where people had respect for not only themselves but for&nbsp;their society. Now you cannot even tell who is a man. Where did it go? Effeminacy. People are afraid. Afraid of doing what is arduous and diffi [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/published/screen-shot-2018-04-23-at-12-56-41-pm.png?1524502882" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption">Image from the TV show "Peaky Blinders"</span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;">There used to be a time where every man dressed like the man in this photo. To work, to walk, to shop, and they would put on their best for Sunday. A time where it meant something to be a real man. A time with true masculinity and true femininity. A time where people had respect for not only themselves but for&nbsp;their society. Now you cannot even tell who is a man. Where did it go? Effeminacy. People are afraid. Afraid of doing what is arduous and difficult. Afraid of overdressing, especially for Mass. Afraid of having to learn how to tie a tie, fold a pocket square or iron a suit. They are afraid to come off as pompous and prideful compared to those who do not dress well. They do not want to be pompous and prideful, but our culture judges those who dress well as so. There are other reasons to dress well. Other reasons to be a man. For family. For tradition. For respect. For modesty. For reverence. For God. Where have these gentleman gone?</div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span>Somewhere deep inside the natural instincts of every man there is an oppressed gentlemen with the chivalric morals of a knight ready to fight its way out. Quit being afraid. Obtain some fortitude. Exteriorly express your inner morals. Live for God. Avoid the slothfulness that grips our culture. Be productive. Meditate in silence and examine yourself. Pray and spend time with loved ones and in charity towards others rather than watching television or porn for hours. How can men fill the role God created them for when&nbsp;they are too busy using&nbsp;their hands to pleasure themselves. This is disturbing and many do not want to talk about this addiction but its&nbsp;taking down millions including married fathers!<br /><br />Treat women with respect, honor, and dignity.&nbsp;</span><span>Gentlemen, treat her like your sister, love her like your wife, and respect her like your mother. Prove to her chivalry is not dead. Open the door for her. Dress up for her, rather than dress like a slob. Stand up when she&nbsp;entered the room. Buy her flowers or take her out to lunch. Treat her like a princess. Lay down your life and die for her if you have to. Protect and provide for her. Pray for her unceasingly. Show her true masculinity with chivalry. It is time to take back chivalry. It is easy to assume a time in the past is better than today, yet all times had&nbsp;their struggles and difficulties. Today is the time you&nbsp;were born for. God wants you here and to praise Him now, and not in some other time period. It is up to this generation to preserve what the last few have&nbsp;destroyed.&nbsp;<br /><br />&#8203;-Catholica Romana</span><br /><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Meditations on the Agony by Padre Pio]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/meditations-on-the-agony-by-padre-pio]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/meditations-on-the-agony-by-padre-pio#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Wed, 18 Apr 2018 14:58:46 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- Meditations on The Agony]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/meditations-on-the-agony-by-padre-pio</guid><description><![CDATA[ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;I was reading Padre Pio&rsquo;s meditations on the agony in the garden and he pointed out that Jesus took the blows of Divine Justice for the offenses for our sins on the Cross. I simply cannot comprehend this act. We gravely offend God with our sins every day and deserve the punishments of Hell and the blows of Divine Justice and righteous punishment upon us, yet we do not get it. Instead, the Almighty and Omnipotent God humbles Himself by becoming man and suffers with obed [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/editor/screen-shot-2018-04-18-at-10-58-38-am.png?250" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;I was reading Padre Pio&rsquo;s meditations on the agony in the garden and he pointed out that Jesus took the blows of Divine Justice for the offenses for our sins on the Cross. I simply cannot comprehend this act. We gravely offend God with our sins every day and deserve the punishments of Hell and the blows of Divine Justice and righteous punishment upon us, yet we do not get it. Instead, the Almighty and Omnipotent God humbles Himself by becoming man and suffers with obedience on the Cross as we strip Him, beat Him, whip Him, and crucify Him.</span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Instead of the blows coming on us, which God, our creator, has all rights to do so, He allows us to put the blows on Him! Why would anyone do this? Someone offends Him and rather than Him striking back, He allows those who offended Him to beat Him. Why would anyone allow this? The almighty God becoming flesh? There can only be one explanation. Love. God screams to us &ldquo;I love you&rdquo; and He waits for us to shout back with our souls, &ldquo;I love thee.&rdquo; Oh God forgive us of every nail we have put in thy tender hands and every slash we have put in thy side! We beg thee for thy mercy for we are unworthy for thee to stoop down to us, most wretched sinners in the flesh. Have mercy on us most Sacred Heart of Jesus. &#9884;&#65039; -Catholica Romana (Note that we are only forgiven in ordinary circumstances through Jesus in confession if we are truly sorry and desire to amend our lives by avoiding sin)</span></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why is the divorce rate so high?]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/why-is-the-divorce-rate-so-high]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/why-is-the-divorce-rate-so-high#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Wed, 18 Apr 2018 14:44:11 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- Why is the divorce rate so high?]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/why-is-the-divorce-rate-so-high</guid><description><![CDATA[ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Why is the divorce rate so high? The simple answer is that it is our culture and it&rsquo;s lack of belief in God, yet a more complex answer is needed if we are to stop it. I have been pondering this question for quite some time now and I believe I have somewhat of a sufficient answer. First we have to make the statement that intercourse is to make children and further bond a couple in marriage. In a society that uses sex for everything from advertising to a recreational act [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:341px;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/published/screen-shot-2018-04-18-at-10-44-39-am.png?1524062778" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Why is the divorce rate so high? The simple answer is that it is our culture and it&rsquo;s lack of belief in God, yet a more complex answer is needed if we are to stop it. I have been pondering this question for quite some time now and I believe I have somewhat of a sufficient answer. First we have to make the statement that intercourse is to make children and further bond a couple in marriage. In a society that uses sex for everything from advertising to a recreational activity, this marital act is all but only for when you are serious and want children.</span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Many unwanted children outside of marriage are either left by their fathers or aborted by their mothers. Where are the men? The gentleman who ought to lay down their life for their wives and family? We are giving into our pleasures and then running. A major issue is that boyfriends and girlfriends in our society get every marital privilege except their taxes stay the same and God is slowly removed from the relationship, if not immediately. Couples are living together and are having sex whenever they want. Back in the old days when you were married, it was said that you had &ldquo;Bed and Board&rdquo;. This meant you could live together and have children. So now what is the incentive to get married if you can do everything you can with your partner without any commitment? Many people now blur the image between dating and marriage because they see the only difference is a contract and a little commitment. God is being removed. There is no courting process anymore. There is no discerning. It is all what I want and what you want, and we want it now. Then when people get married, they see it as another dating relationship and instead of breaking up, you just get a divorce. The problem is that once you get married the first time (assuming you mean your vows) it is to death in the eyes of God. The divorce rate is higher every day and there are many more factors that would take longer than this post to describe. Pray your Rosaries! Gentlemen, man up! Discern and court, not nail and bail (This is a serious issue). I am in this battle too, so know that if I sound condemning it is only on my wretched self. God Bless!</span></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Is God's existence self-evident?]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/april-18th-2018]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/april-18th-2018#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Wed, 18 Apr 2018 14:38:20 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- Is God's existence self-evident?]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/april-18th-2018</guid><description><![CDATA[&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; In&nbsp;The Summa Theologiae,&nbsp;written by St. Thomas Aquinas, the question as to whether God&rsquo;s existence is self-evident is addressed. St. Thomas essentially makes the distinction between whether His existence is intrinsically self evident or if it is self evident to us. Aquinas says if one were to understand what the subject and predicate is in the statement, &ldquo;God exists,&rdquo; then it would be self evident, but otherwise it would not b [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph"><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; In&nbsp;</span><em style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">The Summa Theologiae</em><em style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">,&nbsp;</em><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">written by St. Thomas Aquinas, the question as to whether God&rsquo;s existence is self-evident is addressed. St. Thomas essentially makes the distinction between whether His existence is intrinsically self evident or if it is self evident to us. Aquinas says if one were to understand what the subject and predicate is in the statement, &ldquo;God exists,&rdquo; then it would be self evident, but otherwise it would not be.</span></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph">He then continues on to demonstrate if the existence of God can be proven. He uses St. Anselm&rsquo;s ontological argument from the <em>Proslogion</em> as an objection and seems to believe it is not a good argument. One of the five basic arguments for the existence of God Aquinas gives is the existence based on efficient causes. Aquinas says that, &ldquo;There is no case known in which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of itself.&rdquo; (ST I 2.3 c) If something were to be the cause of itself, it would exist before the thing itself, which is impossible. Aquinas argues that causes cannot go on for infinity, for ultimately there is an ultimate cause. Therefore, a cause will cause intermediate causes, as many as it needs, in order to achieve the ultimate cause. If there is no beginning cause, then there is no effect, therefore there would be no intermediate causes, and essentially no ultimate effect. An efficient cause is then needed in the beginning to start every other intermediate cause to eventually get to the ultimate cause. This efficient cause is God.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I think that this argument for efficient causes is very logical and must be accepted by all as an absolute Truth, not necessarily that the initial efficient cause is God, but that there must be an initial efficient cause. There would be no effect if the initial cause was taken away, therefore nothing would be in existence. However, this means that there could not have been a time where nothing existed, because there would be nothing to cause effects into being. Therefore, this initial cause must not have been caused, but always existed. This did not cause itself, as Thomas Aquinas says that would be impossible. This cause must have always existed without a cause, and brought all other causes into effect. This is God. Overall, I think that although these five proofs are very simple and quite easy to understand, and even though Aquinas gives more complex answers, I think that these are slightly more concrete than St. Anselm&rsquo;s ontological argument. Although the argument in the <em>Proslogion</em> is logical, it makes conclusions that only devout Christians would believe, which although is not intrinsically problematic, Anselm makes the claim that anyone can come to his conclusions simply with logic. I also believe that the distinction between whether God is self evident objectively or whether He is self evidence to us is necessary to make, whereas other theologians believed that the two were combined. I believe the point that the knowledge of the subject and predicate is necessary for one to have for if God&rsquo;s existence is self-evidence for someone. Overall, I think that Aquinas answers the question as to whether God&rsquo;s existence is self-evident very well, and the five proofs he lists for God&rsquo;s existence, although simple, are effective.&nbsp;<br /><br />-Catholica Romana<br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why "Ad Orientem"?]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/why-ad-orientem]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/why-ad-orientem#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 16 Apr 2018 21:12:29 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- Why "Ad Orientem"?]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/why-ad-orientem</guid><description><![CDATA[ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Why &ldquo;Ad Orientem&rdquo;? &ldquo;Ad Orientem&rdquo; means &ldquo;To the East&rdquo; and is an extremely old early Church practice where the priest and the lay faithful face the Altar which is to the East. This is highly symbolic because Christ will come from the East in the final days, and the East, ever since early Christianity was symbolic of Christ Himself. Why do many parishes choose not to do this?&nbsp;(Even if the Church is built facing another direction, the pri [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:right;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:right;max-width:100%;;clear:right;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/editor/screen-shot-2018-04-16-at-5-12-10-pm.png?1523972105" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Why &ldquo;Ad Orientem&rdquo;? &ldquo;Ad Orientem&rdquo; means &ldquo;To the East&rdquo; and is an extremely old early Church practice where the priest and the lay faithful face the Altar which is to the East. This is highly symbolic because Christ will come from the East in the final days, and the East, ever since early Christianity was symbolic of Christ Himself. Why do many parishes choose not to do this?&nbsp;(Even if the Church is built facing another direction, the priest can still face the altar and look at the Crucifix). The argument against this is that the priest has his back to the people, causing a disconnect during the Mass. I have two counter arguments to this objection.</span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The first is that Satan does the inverse of what is True. For example if you desire chastity, he will tempt you with lust. If you desire calm and peace, he will tempt you with wrath and anxiety. Satan tries to be the exact inverse of God! In the actual rubrics for Black Mass (A satanic ritual and direct inverse of the True Mass), you are to face the West. If Satan does the inverse of Truth, then the East must be faced, not only to honor God, but to counter Satan.<br /><br />&#8203; &nbsp; &nbsp; My second argument is a battle. When your general is on the front lines of a medieval battle, per se, and is about to lead his troops into battle, he turns around to give some words of encouragement and then charges with them. Is he causing a disconnect with his soldiers as he leads them into battle with his back to them? Is he abandoning them? No! He is leading the charge and rallying the troops! No rational person would say he is turning his back on his soldiers. <br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;The priest is the general, who is &ldquo;in persona Christi&rdquo; and leads his troops, the lay faithful, into spiritual battle. Even the general, the priest, faces the Commander of the Heavenly Host, Christ, who stands in the East. Christ is the Eucharist and the priest faces Him along&nbsp;with the people, rather than creating a&nbsp;disconnect where he is looking at them rather than everyone looking at Christ. Throughout the Latin Mass, the priest continues to turn around to the faithful with words of encouragement and strength, such as &ldquo;Dominus Vobiscum&rdquo; or &ldquo;Orate Fratres&rdquo;, much like the general does to rally his troops. By facing the people, &ldquo;versus populum&rdquo;, the priest not only turns His back on Christ in the East, but he also is like a general who runs backwards. One of the first revisions Martin Luther and Archbishop Cranmer of the Protestant Reformation did was to remove the Sacrifice of the Mass in order to take down the Church. Their goal was to make liturgy a communal meal rather than a Sacrifice, which is clearly shown in the "Book of common Prayer" produced by Cranmer. The Altar was replaced by a mere table and the presbyter faced the people.&nbsp;&#9884;<br /><br />&#8203;-Catholica Romana</span><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Crisis in the Church]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/the-crisis-in-the-church]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/the-crisis-in-the-church#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 16 Apr 2018 21:03:53 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[- The Crisis in the Church]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.catholicaromana.org/blog/the-crisis-in-the-church</guid><description><![CDATA[ During WWII many European Churches were completely destroyed by battles. Among the ruins, Catholics on all sides continued to have Mass. Today the same is happening in a less obvious way. Our Churches are hit with the bombs of modernism and we are fighting battles to retain the few Catholics that are left. The number of Catholics attending weekly Mass is going down rapidly from 50 years ago. Society wants nothing to do with God, as it always has, but now it is influencing the faithful. Parishes [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:right;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:right;max-width:100%;;clear:right;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.catholicaromana.org/uploads/8/6/4/2/86424754/editor/img-7634_1.jpg?1523912728" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 0px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="display:block;"><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">During WWII many European Churches were completely destroyed by battles. Among the ruins, Catholics on all sides continued to have Mass. Today the same is happening in a less obvious way. Our Churches are hit with the bombs of modernism and we are fighting battles to retain the few Catholics that are left. The number of Catholics attending weekly Mass is going down rapidly from 50 years ago. Society wants nothing to do with God, as it always has, but now it is influencing the faithful. Parishes are being flooded with liturgical abuse and irreverence. We are losing more and more people. Most only come for Christmas and Easter and receive communion out of ignorance after skipping so many Masses. Parishes are shutting down almost daily. Seminaries are almost empty. My own parish has lost many.&nbsp;</span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span style="color:rgb(155, 155, 155)">I once asked a few of the people who were once in my confirmation class why they left for Protestant services. They responded with, &ldquo;because they do it better.&rdquo; I asked what they meant and they responded, &ldquo;Their Christian music is better. Their band is better. It&rsquo;s more entertaining and they have a big screen.&rdquo; The issue is not that they do it better. The issue is that we have put ourselves on the level of just another Protestant denomination who makes Mass into a concert. It should not even be comparable. There should be Latin, Chant, the Pipe Organ. Even if you support Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium states that these three must be upheld. We should not be competing for the most entertaining Christian service. It is not a service! It is a Sacrifice! It is The Sacrifice! A Sacrifice is on an Altar and not a table! It is a not a community meal. It is God. A re-presentation of Calvary. Modern or Traditional, what I am describing is Catholicism. We must pray. Our Churches are empty during the day besides a few older people at a daily Mass. Fill them back up! Dress your best! God wants our best, this is why He accepted Abel&rsquo;s sacrifice and not Cain&rsquo;s. We must give our best and this includes our time. You are busy? &ldquo;Everyone of us needs half an hour of prayer every day, except when we are busy&mdash;then we need an hour.&rdquo; -St. Francis De Sales</span></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>